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The State of Play on Health Care
In time for the Senate Finance Committee's expected vote on a health care bill Tuesday, small business advocacy group Main Street Alliance is planning events in 11 states to support a public health insurance option and what the group calls "a fair employer contribution."
[Update: I checked with the group, and by this they mean the requirement in the House bill, which exempts companies with less than $500,000 in payroll. Firms above that threshold would have to provide coverage or face sliding-scale penalties of 2% to 8% of payroll.]
Along with the Small Business Majority, the Main Street Alliance has been pushing for health reforms from the left, in line with what most progressive advocates favor. That means a strong public option to compete with private insurers and drive costs down. It also means expanding coverage by mandating individuals (to buy) and employers (to offer) coverage. Those provisions would be coupled with tax credits to help small businesses shoulder the cost.
The position is on the other side of more established small business groups, notably the right-leaning National Federation of Independent Business, which helped kill health reform in 1994. The NFIB has fought any employer mandates and the public option, saying it will eventually put private insurers out of business and reduce choice. (The NFIB's take on the current proposals is here.)
The Senate Finance bill in its current form replaces a public option with nonprofit "health care cooperatives." Instead of an employer mandate, as the other major proposals in Congress have, the Finance bill has a "free-rider" provision. That would make companies with over 50 employees who don't offer insurance contribute to any public subsidies their workers qualify for. As with the others, the Senate Finance plan includes tax credits to help small businesses afford insurance.
The big question is whether any health reform can rein in the runaway costs that force small businesses to drop coverage or limit benefits. For a look inside what drives those cost increases, take a listen to the health care special that ran on This American Life this weekend. And for more coverage on the reform bills and the lobbying behind them, check out BW's Money and Politics blog and ongoing health reform reporting.
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How Smart Leaders Talk About Time
A 1973 experiment demonstrates how much a leader's communication about time influences people's behavior in powerful and often unexpected ways.
Social psychologists John M. Darley and C. Daniel Batson went to a seminary and explained to a group of seminarians that they were there to verify their skills to give an impromptu speech. An assistant waited for the seminarians in another building in order to record them as they were giving the speech. As the seminarians walked to the building, they ran into a man in desperate straits (an actor on the researchers' payroll): he was alone, leaning on the wall, complaining as violent coughs shook him.
The question was: would the seminarians stop to help the poor man? Who will actually stop?
The researchers introduced three variables: first, using a questionnaire, they measured the motivations at the root of their subjects' religious feelings. Second, they split the seminarians into two groups: the first was assigned a speech on the value the experience in seminary could have in professions other than the religious ministry. The second group was asked to comment on the parable of the Good Samaritan (a story Jesus told about a man who stopped to help a wounded person on the road from Jerusalem to Jericho.) No statistically meaningful correlation was found between either of the two variables (motivation and subject of the speech) and whether or not the seminarists stopped to succor the man.
Now for the third variable. When the seminarians were about to reach the building of the speech, one group was told they still had a few minutes before the speech, a second one they were exactly on time, and a third was told they were late and had to hurry.
Darley and Batson found out the choice whether or not to succor the man (and therefore his fate) was determined by a time factor: in general, those who thought they had enough time at hand stopped and helped; those who were late did not.
Now ask yourself: how would my employees react in that scenario?
It is not possible to talk about leadership without taking into account the messages a leader conveys about time management and the risks carried by a dysfunctional relationship with time. To make the most of her employees' time, a leader must:
1) Establish a shared language that distinguishes between the "pressure on time" and "impact on goals" factors.
Team leaders often fail to make this distinction clear. Tasks are transmitted without specifying if the emphasis on such task is due to:
- the fact the task has a remarkable impact on the individual or group's goals;
- the restricted timeframe within which the task must be completed;
- a combination of the above mentioned two factors
It is essential to clearly distinguish these factors. For example, the term "urgency" may be used to denote the degree of pressure with respect to time, "importance" to denote the degree of impact a certain activity has on the achievement of goals, using Stephen Covey's distinction. Thus, urgency and importance become two separate attributes of a task, which can be present at the same time or not. But it's the leaders job to make explicit what, to her, "urgent" and "important" mean, and which tasks are which.
2) Reduce those activities that, despite being important, must be performed under pressure.These activities, by definition, must be performed at the highest level. Yet the time pressure — the urgency — has a negative impact on the quality of the outcome.
Teresa Amabile's research clearly demonstrates how pressure over time is not food for creativity at all — a necessary quality to perform high-impact activities in a great way. Creative ideas need some sort of incubation period which allows them to emerge. Oftentimes, pressure over time (especially if accompanied by frequent distractions) negatively influences such process of internalization and creation of new solutions.
A successful leader reduces "urgent and important" activities to a minimum, by monitoring:
- How tasks are planned and delegated.
- How "urgent and important" activities can be reduced.
- How much free-of-distraction time people have for high-impact activities.
If a leader does not monitor these principles carefully, she may find herself leading a team of deeply motivated people busily working away at tasks that are not a priority — like the seminarians who, though they were motivated by their religious beliefs and about to give a sermon on the parable of the Good Samaritan, did not stop to succor someone in need.
Luca Baiguini is Professor of Organizational Behaviour and Personal Development at MIP – Politecnico di Milano, and co-founder of Mindpoint, an international training company. His research interests include: persuasion strategies, public speaking, the relation between communication about time and team performance, communication about occupational hazard. Follow Luca on Twitter: twitter.com/lucabaiguini
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Is Bollywood Plus Hollywood Really A Win-Win Deal?
The Western film industry, which has traditionally viewed India merely as a market for its movies, is suddenly keen to tap into Indian capital and talent. In early summer, Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks closed a whopping $825 million co-production deal with Indian industrialist Anil Ambani's Reliance Big Entertainment. And Charles Darby, the legendary British special effects artist who worked on epic movies like Titanic and Matrix, is building a special effects studio in Mumbai that he hopes will match rivals in London and Hollywood. Darby's new Indian venture is financially backed by Eros International, a UK-based Indian film production and distribution house.
Is the Western film industry's infatuation with India just a fad? Can it be sustained? While there clear opportunities for Western players in India, how can they overcome cultural and business barriers that could break down creative partnerships across borders? To answer these questions, our Centre hosted an event that explored how the Indian film industry is going global, its various engagement models with Western players, and the resulting opportunities for the international cinema industry.
Among the guest speakers were Anupam Kher, the international actor and global entrepreneur; Patrick von Sychowski, the COO of AdLabs, a Reliance Big Entertainment Company; Parminder Vir OBE, an executive producer and media consultant; Partho Sen-Gupta, an independent film director; and Simone Ahuja, a Principal at Blood Orange Media and a film director.
All speakers concurred that it's the ideal time for the Indian film industry to engage with the West. The rapid growth of the Indian economy has spawned a savvy middle class seeking to watch world-class movies, while affluent producers like Reliance Big Entertainment are being wooed by cash-strapped Hollywood studios. Bollywood star Anupam Kher claimed that this is the "golden age" of Indian cinema, as it gains more in self-confidence and starts working with the West on its own terms.
Patrick von Sychowski of Reliance Big Entertainment walked us through the rationale behind his firm's $1 billion plan to co-develop and co-produce movies with Hollywood heavy hitters like Steven Spielberg, Brad Pitt, and Julia Roberts. He explained that Reliance is keen to develop a success formula that seamlessly blends Western professionalism and Eastern creativity to systematically produce cross-border blockbusters such as Slumdog Millionaire that captivate the global audience.
Parminder Vir noted that after operating for decades as a parochial cottage industry the Indian film sector is finally getting more professional and its players are acquiring a global mindset as they internationalize their operations. She boldly predicted that in the coming decade, the Indian film industry would have a global socio-economic impact similar to what the Indian IT outsourcing industry achieved in the 2000s. She encouraged wary US and European producers and directors to warmly welcome the globalisation of Indian cinema as they stand to handsomely profit from it.
But not everything will be hunky-dory as East meets West in the global creative economy. In a panel discussion titled "How to Build and Orchestrate Transnational Creative Networks?" and moderated by Judge Business School Professor Jaideep Prabhu, the speakers addressed key business, legal, and social-cultural issues that could make or break cross-border co-production deals. They noted that while Chinese movies like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon have achieved huge international success, the Indian film industry has yet to produce a global blockbuster (Slumdog Millionaire being more an exception than the rule). But everyone agreed that it's a matter of years (if not months) before India starts producing a steady stream of world-class movies from its mutually beneficial creative partnerships with the West.
What intrigued me the most during this event is the fact that many audience members (practitioners from the UK/European film industry) aired their concern that Hollywood is coming to India purely for financial reason and that the Indian cinema's engagement with greedy Western partners will stifle its free-flowing creative spirit. I can't disagree more: for millennia, invaders and traders have come to India in pursuit of economic gains. Rather than destroying India's socio-cultural identity, these foreigners not only enriched it, but they found their own identity dramatically altered as they interacted with Indians.
The way I see it, Hollywood's growing ties with Bollywood will be a two-way street, leading to a creative marriage that harmoniously mingles Hollywood's structured approach to film-making with India's flexible and tolerant mindset. As such, Hollywood will help accelerate the Indian film industry's professionalization. In turn, as Anupam Kher quipped, "the Indian cinema, steeped in improvised creativity, will help uptight Hollywood loosen up a bit, and get risk-averse and profit-hungry Western producers to realize that film-making should ultimately be about having fun." If that happens, then Hollywood's partnership with Bollywood will turn out to be a win-win deal.
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